Childhood Reflection Paper - 1067 Words

I wish I was told what I was going through physically and emotionally throughout my childhood. This is a paper about my life and I will incorporate the course material throughout this assignment. I remember when I was around 5 years old when my brother accidentally cut off his finger with a small saw. We were doing yard work and were all helping and I turn around to see my little brother with a small saw. He pressed the button which turned on the machine and there his finger was on the grass. I was so shocked to see what had happened and I screamed for mom and dad. He was in so much shock that he didn’t even move. It was so bloody that I almost passed out because I felt so queasy. Sigmund Freud would say that was a traumatic experience for†¦show more content†¦A place where I can stay off the streets, stay away from gangs, and provides a positive place to spend my time. I walk in and see a bunch of other kids just having a good time. My dad always told me to make good friends because they will always help you if you need them. I learned that friends provide a â€Å"mirror† that helps adolescents to gain a sense of who they are (Friendships Handout). I also learned that friends around that age are people you can trust. Not only that but who can be laid back and share personal qualities like good character and respect. B.F. Skinner would suggest the club is the most important aspect of my childhood development and I will wholeheartedly agree. While I was aging through my pre-teen years, I unknowingly suffered from identity foreclosure because I was so confident that I wanted to become either a cop or a firefighter (Identity Handout). It was a noble position that many in society respect because my dad always lectured me in being polite and fair to others. Good to know I was going through an identity state and I had much more to learn. Fast forward again and now I’m in junior high and in my early teen years. This is where the majority of people find themselves or go through many phases until they find the one they like. In my teens, I learned more about puberty, sexual education, and drugs. My teenage years were okay because I didn’t pay too much attention to other people because I wanted to stayShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Childhood748 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Memory Everyone in their lives has learned something from their childhood that stayed with them until adulthood. It could be a good experience or not that great experience. Personally my lesson wasn’t so great and has caused me to get in trouble with my parents. In first grade at Anthony Elementary School, I was compelled by a friend to steal. Because of this experience, I learned to listen to what my â€Å"gut† tells me about people, that some people might not be good to have as a friendRead MoreSocial Care Reflection Paper1406 Words   |  6 Pagesand my family relies on the help of family and friends instead. 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The author of this paper will provide an examination of the abnormalities of Jack Nicholson’s character Melvin Udall. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to the extent of which Melvin’s abnormalities correlate to the DSM-5 description of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Further evaluation includes discussing the portrayal, etiology, prognosis, and proper therapeutic approaches for the OCD symptoms exhibit ed by Melvin. Additionally, the author of this paper will analyze and provideRead MoreChildren s Gender Development And Family Studies Professional991 Words   |  4 PagesFor the first reflection paper assignment, the â€Å"How Would You†¦?† question located on page 168 presents the question that is discussed in this paper. This particular question states, â€Å"As a human development and family studies professional, how would you describe the ways in which parents influence their children’s notions of gender roles?† (Santrock, 2015, p. 168). Parents play a major role in their children’s gender development. Fathers and mothers are also â€Å"psychologically important to their children’sRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essays1052 Words   |  5 Pages EDUCATIONAL THRORISTS Early Childhood Curriculum â€Æ' Contents Introduction 2 Principles and Philosophy 2 Common and Differences 2 Contributions 3 Personal Reflections 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction In this assessment I will be talking about the principles and philosophy of Frobel and Montessori, what they have in common and differences, there contributions to Siolta and my own thoughts in relation to early childhood education and their impact on the learning environment Principles and PhilosophyRead MoreReflection Of Citizen Kane757 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout the film was the use of reflections. The movie starts off with a montage of images of Xanadu, Charles Kane’s personal estate. One of the shots includes a beautiful reflection of the building in the water. When Kane dies and drops the snow globe, you see the nurse’s reflection in the glass as she walks into the room. After Kane convinces the men from the Chronicle to come work for him at the Inquirer, he throws a party; we can see him dancing in a reflection of a window. When Kane is in Xanadu

Persepolis And The Kite Runner - 853 Words

In both Persepolis and The Kite Runner, readers are presented with two main characters in search for their own self-realization. According to Lukà ¡cs’s theory, â€Å"the self-realization of the individual ultimately sheds some light also on ‘social reality’† (22). Ultimately, readers are able to gain insight to the social realities of the characters’ nation states in both novels. Persepolis allows readers to learn about women and femininity in Iran’s culture while The Kite Runner provides readers with the social reality of men and masculinity in Afghanistan’s culture. Readers are told the story of Persepolis through the eyes and journey of Marjane (Marji). One example of the social reality of Iran that Persepolis presents to readers is women’s mode of dress. In the beginning of the novel, Marji states, â€Å"Then came 1980: the year it became obligatory to wear the veil at school† (1.4). At this time, Marji is only ten years old, yet she still resists the veil and somewhat realizes the gender inequalities present in her reality. Although both boys’ and girls’ clothes change within their separate schools, girls are the only ones who are required to wear the veil. The hijab is a piece of fabric that women are required to wear -- concealing parts of their face and all of their hair. Not only is this a significant part of the social reality, but this is a legal requirement of all women in Iran. Men are not legally bound by what they wear, nor are they required to conceal theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Persepolis A nd The Kite Runner 1023 Words   |  5 PagesSociety In both Persepolis and The Kite Runner, readers are presented with two main characters in search for their own self-realization. According to Lukà ¡cs’s theory, â€Å"the self-realization of the individual ultimately sheds some light also on ‘social reality’† (22). Ultimately, readers are able to gain insight to the social realities of the characters’ nation states in both novels. Persepolis allows readers to learn about women and femininity in Iran’s culture while The Kite Runner provides readersRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Marjane Satrapi1110 Words   |  5 Pageswhere women are stripped of their basic human rights, forcing women to fight for equality. Marjane Satrapi, author of Persepolis, depicts the political turmoil in Iran by including the degrading rights of women. In places where Islamic extremism exists, the strict fundamentalism affect the rights and societal views of women (Bobic et al., 4-8). Khaled Hosseini, author of The K ite Runner, tells the story of a Pashtun boy and the consequences of extremism in Afghanistan, such as racism and sexism. BothRead MorePersepolis : A Modern Context Of Iranian Life969 Words   |  4 PagesA prevalent aspect of Iranian life is their significant focus on family. In Iran, family formed the foundation of Muslim society (Dhami). This focus on family was evident in Persepolis in that the grandmother lived with the family and her words of wisdom influenced Marjane constantly throughout the story. Marjane returned to the oppressiveness of the Regime not because she missed her home, but because she missed the support her family provided her. When she divorced with Reza, her family was fullyRead MoreQuote Essay950 Words   |  4 Pages Leslie Igbo Summer Reading Assignment PERSEPOLIS By: Marjane Satrapi Chosen Quote.. â€Å"I really didn’t know what to think about the veil. Deep down I was very religious but as a family we were very modern and Avant-Garde.† Respond and Analyze.. This quote stands out, because it focuses on the character and her personality, which is a young girl who is very passionate about her Read MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesMusic, by Peter Ackroyd (1992)[39] The Gods Laugh on Mondays, by Reza Khoshnazar (1995) About a Boy, by Nick Hornby (1998) The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky (1999)[40] Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi (2000)[41] 21st century[edit] The Secret Life of Bees, by Sue Monk Kidd (2002)[42] The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini (2003)[43] The Fortress of Solitude, by Jonathan Lethem (2003) [44] Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro (2005)[30] Looking for Alaska, by John Green (2005) IndecisionRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesHawthorne, Nathaniel The scarlet letter AF Hemingway, Ernest, A clean well-lighted place, in Complete short stories AF Hinton, S.E. Outsiders YA Home and away: Australian stories of belonging and alienation ed. Bennett, Bruce AF Hosseini, Khaled The kite runner AF YA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kite_Runner Hosseini, Khaled A thousand splendid suns AF YA Irving, John The cider house rules AF Ishiguro, Kazuo Never let me go AF Hulme, Keri The bone people AF Jones, Lloyd Mister Pip AF Joyce, James

“The Yellow Wallpaper” Essay Outline Free Essays

1. Only recently did women begin to get recognized as equals to men and in some places they still are considered as inferior. Men are typically dominating and controlling, while women are more submissive. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Essay Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, uses confining imagery, belittling dialogue, and stereotypical characters to demonstrate the gender roles in nineteenth-century America. 2. The imagery in this short story conveys the feelings of a person confined and trying to break free. Jane is a woman whose imagination is limited by the patriarchal society. a. â€Å"The windows are barred,† (Gilman pg. 8) there are rings in the wall, and â€Å"the floor is scratched and gouged and splintered† (Gilman pg. 11). i. She is staying in a prison, symbolic of the way society is a prison to her creative inner self. b. Through the barred windows, Jane can see the open country, which only makes her reflect on the freedom she does not have (Shumaker pg. 596). c. The wallpaper is an image of the barrier she must put up between the women society expects her to be and the women she wants to be. 3. The belittling and condescending way in which John speaks to Jane reflects the way that men dominated over women. a. John calls Jane â€Å"little goose† (Gilman pg. 10) as though she were a baby. John is superior to her. b. John calls her mental illness a â€Å"fancy. † He does not really believe she is sick and is only playing along the way a father would play along with his child’s imagination. . Finally evolves into John speaking in a calm, careful tone as to not frighten Jane when she finally goes crazy. 4. The carefully constructed character of a typical man and women show the roles society expects of John and Jane. a. The names John and Jane are carefully picked out to portray a standard man and women. They were very popular names back in the day and when an unknown corpse was brought in they were given the standard name Joh n Doe or Jane Doe. b. The characters of the rational doctor and imaginative wife help portray assigned gender roles. Women are imaginative and creative, while men are rational and like common-sense things (Shumaker pg. 590). c. John was a physician and so was Jane’s brother. It was a man’s job and women are only good for household jobs. 5. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was clearly written during a time when men dominated society and women were thought of as silly and imaginative. This short story demonstrates how some women had the feeling of confinement in a patriarchal society. How to cite â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Essay Outline, Essay examples

Public Health Ethics Important for Peaceful Society

Question: Discuss about the Report for Public Health Ethics of Important for Peaceful Society. Answer: Introduction Ethics is most important for peaceful society as it plays vital role in guiding the behavioral aspect of the society. Especially for the public health the importance of the ethics is even greater. There are several healthcare practitioners, who are trying to establish a good practice among the people which ethically help them to maintain their health and peace. 1: The researchers to some extent are able to prove a strong connection between that of cell phone usage and brain tumors in people. It is quite horrifying to know that talking over the phone for a long time can be a reason for the occurrence of brain tumor in a human being. The main message that needs to be observed by the patient in the media report is to the fact that using wireless phones for a prolonged period can lead to brain tumors and thus be avoided (Granatstein, 2012). All the people who either need to talk over the wireless phones for work purposed or personal reasons would be interested in the issue as the unfortunate disease of brain tumor can happen to them. Necessary steps need to be taken by them in order to prevent such an event. 2: The journalist has chosen to write a media report in order to spread awareness among the people about the adverse effect of the smart phone, basically on the children as it lead them to a very dreadful disease; brain tumor that bring a tragic end to the life thus the main motto of the reporter is to spreading knowledge among the public on the drastic impact of smart phone (Caruso, 2012). References Caruso, G. (2012).Nanoparticles and brain tumor treatment. New York, N.Y.: ASME. Granatstein, V. (2012). Physical principles of wireless communications, second edition. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.

In the Eye of a Boy Back into the Childhood

Fountain Head essays

Fountain Head essays Essay in response to question number Two and Six Ayn Rand wrote The Fountainhead to impart her impassioned philosophy of Objectivism, a belief that advocates political freedom and the rights of the individual. To present her philosophy, Ayn Rand create Howard Roark, a distinctive Ayn Rand hero, and his foil Peter Keating. Howard Roark is an innovative architect whose brilliant and revolutionary designs are rejected by people who are dogmatic and fearful of change. Yet, he does not surrender his beliefs, but encounter all hardships with commitment to his own judgment and his integrity. On the other hand, Peter Keating is a conformist who abandons his integrity and allows other people to dominate his life. Through this acute contrast between Roark and Keating, and Roark's triumphant victory at the end, Ayn Rand clearly presents her philosophy of Objectivism. From the beginning of the novel, Ayn Rand insinuates the antithesis of the characteristics of Roark and Keating through an ironic event; Roark is expelled on the same day that Peter graduates from Stanton with high honor. That same day, when Dean of the Stanton Institute of Technology tries to persuade Roark to give up his radical ideas and go along with the traditional designs, the essence of Roark's character is revealed as he states, "...... But the best is a matter of standards - and I set my own standards. I inherit nothing. I stand at the end of no tradition. I may, perhaps, stand at the beginning of one (Pg 24 - 25)." Moreover, his incontrovertible individuality reaches more than just architecture. Howard Roark is self centered, self generated, self sufficient, and self motivated about all issues of life. For example, when he was asked if he had any relatives, he said indifferently: " I don't think I have any relatives. I may have. I don't know (Pg25)." Howard Roa rk is so independent that he does not eve ...

Cognitive development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cognitive development - Research Paper Example Teachers can plan lessons effectively and create positive learning environments for their students if they are more cognizant of how people process, learn, and remember information (Blake & Pope, 2008). Piaget perceives learning process from a constructivism perspective, where people get to know through gradual stages by adapting to the environment, while Vygotsky believes that learning occurs through social interaction. As a teacher prepares to teach, there is need to balance the approaches of Piaget and Vygotsky given that learning is both a constructive process and a product of social interaction. Piaget holds the view that cognitive development happens through a series of schemes, which are basic building blocks of thinking. To Piaget, people make sense of the world and create knowledge from direct experiences with people, objects, and ideas. Additionally, the development of the thinking process is influenced by maturation, social transmission, activity and need for social equilibrium. These influences make thinking processes and knowledge develop via alterations in thought organization (schemes), adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation (Woolfolk, 2013, p. 57). It is the duty of the teacher to know what the learners can assimilate, meaning placing the environment in existing cognitive structures, and what they can accommodate, which means changing the cognitive structures to accept something in the environment (Blake & Pope, 2008, p. 61). The teacher must know the state of existing cognitive structures of the learners and their capability to change to be effective. On his part, Vygotsky holds that people’s mental structures and processes are attributable to social interactions with others. Vygotsky upholds the notion that scaffolding, which is the idea that children utilize the help of adults and peers to create a firm foundation that eventually allows them to deal with problems on their

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Research paper - Essay Example The adoption of the term was in the 20th century and has had a vast application in recognition of human beings that do not fall in the two broad human categories: males and females. In the western society, the field of intersex is very clear in educating people on the various disorders that human beings bear and the efforts that scientists have made in the comprehension of the conditions. Going through the various opinions that scientists, professionals and the general population have regarding the issue is an important step paving way for in depth understanding of the situation. Introduction Many writers in the continent have also made tremendous strides forward in a bid to educate people on the various conditions involved in the field of intersex. Another aspect of the field that has close ties with the main subject is intersex surgery. This is the kind of surgery performed on people with intersex disorder in a bid to accomplish varying purposes. The two main reasons that the surge ry is performed are to either save the life of the person or to address social issues that the person may be facing (Sytsma 106). However, many scientists warn about the issue of genital surgery as research shows that the results got from the surgery are far worse than good on not only the areas under surgery but also the entire body system of the person. Katrina Roen's Views Katrina Roen is a very famous writer who has written many books and articles concerning the area of intersex. She is the writer of one critically analyzed and reviewed article called â€Å"But We Have to Do Something.† The article has had major reviews from the manner in which Katrina focuses on the issues portrayed by various writers in the field of intersex and intersex surgery. She majorly focuses on the issue of cosmetic surgery in the western society in relation to infants atypically sexed. In her publication, she criticizes the rest of the publications stating that the manner in which they feature the female and human body as a whole is not only demining but also bothering the rest of the population. In the 21st century, many changes have been made in the surgical processes carried out, and this has had great benefits to many people. However, Katrina states that these changes should not be a reason for people to always opt for surgery and especially when dealing with young people and infants. Katrina states that the young and infants are rather vulnerable at their ages and getting them through surgery is a rather traumatic process. She goes ahead to state that parents should take responsibility for their actions as anything may happen in the surgical rooms having authorized the procedures. It is not right for children and infants to go through the strenuous surgical processes as they may have a negative impact on their development, and the outcome is never certain (Roen 42). Katrina also states that taking them through the procedures is rather poor as the kids had no approval of undergoing the procedure. She then advises that parents halt such procedures and just wait for their kids to grow up and make their own decisions as to whether they should undergo the surgery or continue living in their conditions. Another factor that she takes into consideration while going around her discussion is about the work published by feminists and their regard to intersex

SYSCO Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SYSCO - Case Study Example The supervisory training program depicts the strategic agenda of Sysco in terms of recruitment, selection and quality management of human resources (Mathis & Jackson 13). As an administrative expert, HR at Sysco has shed the role of a policeman and eliminated unnecessary activities within the system by means of Virtual Resource Center (VRC) which provides enhanced ways of monitoring and controlling the workforce. As an operational guide, the VRC has again contributed in making employees accountable and modifying the mental contract of them with the company. This is visible from the positive implication received in terms of increased retention rates, satisfied customers and augmented savings for the company. Increasing globalization and technological inputs in maneuvering the HR function could have affected the benefits reaped in by Sysco. With globalization, diversity workforce is becoming the talk of the town having cultural and ethical considerations at the top of priority list (Mathis & Jackson 17). Further, cost efficiency drive of companies operating internationally could have put extra pressure on HR strategies of Sysco to turn more agile and proactive in order to sustain the growth and stay

Disadvantages Of Having A Global Language

Disadvantages Of Having A Global Language Plans and ideas that are organised by the business leaders for their organisations future period is strategic plan. Business leaders should accept that yesterdays success does not ensure organisations future success. In a humorous vein, V. in the book The Mafia Manager puts it this way: If you dont know where you are going, you wont get there or anyplace else. (Ref-1) DEFFINITION. Systematic process of envisioning a desired future, and translating this vision into broadly defined goals or objectives and a sequence of steps to achieve them. (Ref-2) IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING. In order to make your organisation successful, you need a Roadmap for Success. It gives a direction to the organisation, where to go and how to go. It gives direction to the employees, how to achieve the targets. Goal Congruence, when the objectives of all employees are coincides with the objectives of the organisation. Strategic planning also creates Motivation in employees. While making strategic plan we do keep in mind some things like our customers approach, their mind, what they think about our organisation and their feedback. In this way we can understand our customers and keep in mind them while making our business strategies. We also take feedback of our employees. It makes the communication stronger between the strategic level and operational level. It also motivates the employees and let them feel they are the part of organisation. After all these are the employees who will complete the organisations plans and goals and achievements. Basically making a strategic plan is not that difficult. It only needs some feedback from customers and employees and some thoughts, but organisation needs their employees for long run and they want their motivation and some customers needs also. Strategic planning Creates Vision and Direction that is simple and clear. DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STRATEGIC PLAN: STRATEGIC PLANING. The process of determining a companys long-term goals and then identifying the best approach for achieving those goals. (Ref-3) STAGES OF A STRATEGIC PLAN. There are four main stages of strategic plan! Mission statement Objectives Goals and Action plan MISSION STATEMENT. A statement which shows the purpose of a company or organisation. It is a formal, concise and written statement. It explains the reasons of the existence of the company. The Mission statement should point out its overall goals, guide about the actions of the company, shows the direction of the company, and provide the decision making process. It provides a framework by which the company formulate its strategies. Mission statement of a company often contains the following! Aim of the company. The companys primary stakeholders. Responsibilities of the company. Companys services and products. A mission statement can be use as a tool to resolve the matters between companys stakeholders. Companys stakeholders include employees (managers and executives), board of directors, stockholders, customers, distributers, suppliers, governments, NGOs, unions, creditors, competitors and general public as well. OBJECTIVES. Here we develop a long term measureable and specific objectives to deal with our companys most critical issues, thats what we call it strategic objectives. Strategic objectives are normally of timeframe of 3 to 5 years or more. They could be 8 to 12 months but it does not mean they are non strategic objectives. Typically, but not always, strategic plans have multiyear timeframes accordance of achievements and multi functional in its nature. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES. While making strategic planning, we align the critical issues with reference which we identified. Start from the most critical issues and discuss ways to address it. Make the ideas positive in concept and wording. Focus on the long term goals, not on the short term objectives and problems. After you have completed the prioritization then start on the issues and try to make them easy and workable for the staff and employees. EXAMPLES OF STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES. In making some sense that how strategic objectives look like in real companys here are some examples! GROWTH. Here we see the growth of the company. Are our long term plans improving the growth of our company? SAFETY. We have made our work place injury free. MANAGEMENT. We have a complete management team and we can meet our strategic objectives. EMPLOYEES. We have reduced our employee turnover ratio. And our employees are well motivated. QUALITY. Our product quality is error free and excellent. GOALS. Strategic goals can be define as, what the company wants and expecting and trying for as a whole after some planning and making some objectives. Goals could be a successful company in any field or general. Goals could be long term and short term. Goals could be a length of six months, one year, 3 years and ten years. Some companys set long term goals before the short term goals, as achieving step by step short term goals leading to achieve long term goals more easily. There are 2 types of goals! Result oriented. Profit oriented. Result oriented goals are, we will increase our market price, return on capital investment, share price etc. Profit oriented goals are how many new products we will introduce in the market this year, how many new plants we have installed, reduce employment turnover ratio. Well in both cases goals are measurable. ACTION PLAN. When we set our goals and objectives in order to attain out missions then we make an action plan by which we can achieve our objectives and goals. Without the action plan its impossible to implement a plan and measure its ratio of success. First we see what our action plans are and how we can put them together in getting desired results. To do this all we need a team got manager and team members. They should assign their work and manager supervises them. Participation which leads to commitment is the big advantage of team work. (Ref-4) SWOT ANALYSIS. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method which is used to evaluate the organisations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. SWOT ANALYSIS OF next plc. INTRODUCTION. Next is a UK based retailer offering exciting, beautifully designed, excellent quality fashion and accessories for men, women and children together with a full range of home wares. Next distributes through three main channels. Next retail, its a chain, got more than 500 stores in UK and Eire; Next Directory, a home shopping catalogue and a website with more than 2 M active customers; Next International, have more than 180 stores throughout continental Europe, Scandinavia, Japan, India, the middle east and Russia and an international website serving the USA and over 30 other countries worldwide. The parent company, next plc, registered with London stock exchange and its head office is located in ender by on the outskirts of Leicester, England. Its a member of the FTSE 100 index. Total revenue of the year ended January 2010 were  £3.4 billion with before-tax profits of  £505 million. Basically its founded by J Hepworth Sons with the name of Gentlemans Tailors in Leeds, England. Hepworth buys a chain of Kendalls rainwear shops to develop a women ware group of stores called next in 1981. The first women ware store opens in 12th February 1982 and it reaches to 70 around the UK at the end of July. In 1984 next launches its menswear in august and by December it had 52 menswear stores in UK. In 1987 next launches children ware. In 2010 Next confirmed as Official Clothing and Home ware Supplier to the London 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympics Games. SWOT ANALYSIS. Next uses SWOT analysis to find out its strengths, major weaknesses, potential opportunities and unaware threats to company. By using SWOT analysis Next Plc can overcome its weaknesses and threats and can get benefit from its strengths and opportunities. Lets have a look on nexts SWOT analysis below! STRENGTHS. Strengths could be the companys location or its unique marketing expertise. The main strength of next plc is its holding age group from 20 to 40. Next sells a great variety and quality of adult wears under its named tag. But some of its competitors are not that successful in satisfying its customers in this segment. Next use to sell its quality and stylish products in reasonable prices with its own tag. As next uses its own name on tags so it reacts quickly in any complain or update and keep on trying to improve its standard and quality and keen to satisfy its customers needs. And it got total control on its quality management Customers concern only with nexts tag on cloths because they understood that cloths selling under nexts tag are of good quality in any aspect. It got 500 stores in UK and Eire. Next has a pretty old history and experience in the field of retail and garments. Next deals with luxury brand named Signature. Next used to do next day delivery for the orders placed before 5pm from next directory. WEAKNESSES. Next has to acknowledge its weaknesses in order to improve and manage them. The weaknesses of Next include: If we see the customers trend towards shopping, they are focussing more on internet than to visit stores. By looking at this trend net should focus on e-commerce but if we see the spending of next on this field is just  £125000. While its competitors spending more generously like Debenhams invest  £5 million on internet technology while M S has spent  £50 million on e-commerce and digital TV. Next should spend reasonable amount to stay in this market. Next used to do a concentration of similar type of clothing in the retail business. If its competitors hold the market or if the customers changed their minds or if the fashion trend is changed then Next should face very difficulties to stay in market. Next works in UK so any policy about British pound will affect the Nexts position in market. OPPORTUNITIES. Next got 500 stores around UK and Eire. If we see the retail market, we can see that Next can find a suitable space to grow in the market by increasing its number of stores all over the world. It can introduce Next in other countries where they have not approach yet but still there is scope in the market. Next can gain a wide range of market by reducing its prices to a small extent as its competitors are selling their products at high prices. Next should invest on e-commerce and digital TV to improve its competitive position in the retail market. Next should open new stores on new and stylish locations because this is the era of glamour. Next is the official supplier of 2012 Olympic events. This is great opportunity for next to explore itself as a unique and stylish brand in retail market and make its competitive position more strong. THREATS. The biggest threat to Next is the low market growth and strong competition. Some companies in the retail market use very aggressive ways to capture market or maintain their competitive position. Some companies get their products ready from some third world countries with cheaper labour and used to sell their products in the market at less price compared with their competitors. Next need to work hard to retain its competitive position in market, as there are more competitors in the market. It needs to adjust its prices which are more competitive. Next needs to satisfy its customers in order to retain them. (ref5) IMPORTANCE OF PORTERS INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS MODEL: Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979 presented a framework for the industry analysis and strategies for business development. He shows that there are five forces which determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market, and here attractiveness means the overall profitability of the industry. Three of his five forces refer to competition from external sources and the rest are from internal threats. Porters five forces rule is very powerful rule to understand where the potential and power lies in a business market. It can also help to see the companys strengths and weaknesses in the moving market and how can we overcome our threats to attain and achieve our companys opportunities. We can use this analysis to identify, whether the market got the potential to be profitable for new product, services or business. This analysis suggests that managers should focus and understood about the business internet forces and the market competitive situations in order to make affective strategies for business. PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL. POTENTIAL ENTRANTS Threats of new entrants INDUSTRY COMPETITORS RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING FIRMS Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of suppliers SUPPLIERS BUYERS SUBSTITUTESThreats of substitute products or services PORTERS INDUTRY STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF Next Plc. By using Porters five forces analysis model we can assess the capabilities and potential of Next Plc in the market. Analysis is as follows! BARGAINING POWER OF CUSTOMERS (BUYERS). Under some conditions buyers role in the market varies, depends on the market condition. If there is one buyer in the market and more than two suppliers then buyer fix the price but if there are a lot of buys and one supplier, the situation would be different. If we see the situation of Next in the market, there are some powerful competitors in the market, so Next should be very careful about its policies about prices and quality. Most of the buyers want some bargain on the ticket price and management have to cut prices to avoid losing sales. Sometimes customers assume the price cuts that they are doing lower down their quality. Well if the management cut the price for a customer to retain them but still there is no surety that he will be loyal with Next or who knows what buyers choice is? Next also needs to know that its customers have that knowledge that they know what it is selling in the market and why its products are different and of high quality in what aspects. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS. Suppliers are the inputs in any industry and if the suppliers of raw material, skilled labour of or in any field or services or components, refuse to work with any industry they can easily get their terms like charge high prices for expertise. Well it depends on the market situation as well. If we see the situation of Next Plc in the market then no supplier can refuse to supply its products or raw materials to Next for some terms or to charge some extra prices, because this market got a lot of suppliers and Next can easily replace its any supplier. NEW ENTRANTS TO THE INDUSTRY. The new entrants in the market are a big threat to any industry. Basically Next has no threat from the new companies if they are introducing themselves in the market because its very difficult and need a lot of finance and struggle to be competitors of Next. But Next has a threat from existing big brands in the market like Marks and Spencer. If they introduce themselves in the market to capture it then Next would be in a trouble and Next is aware of that. Next also threat of the big brands like Donna Karan and Calvin Klein. If they open their stores in the busy high streets like Ralph Lauren or New Bond Street, it would create trouble for Next to stay in the market, as these companies got a lot of money, powerful market knowledge and power to enter in the clothing industry. SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. The threats of substitutes do not affect Next and this is not a big issue in the clothing industry. Like a pullover could be a substitute for a jacket or a trouser for skirts but next is providing all these items anyway so the threat of substitute to Next is nothing to worry about. But if Next fails to note the customers trends then it would be a problem. As customers see the Next as trendier company in the market and if its products are not that stylish and of not quality of the latest trend then it really disappoint its customers and it would lose them. INTENSITY OF RIVALRY. In this part of porters analysis, we see the competitive situations of the companies in the market. If we see the situation of Next in context of competition in this market then its very hard to survive because the situation is very tough. There are a huge number of retailers in the clothing market in the UK. And Next got threat from its rivals like Marks and Spencer, Zara, Gap etc. Every company needs to attract and hold maximum customers in the market to survive. Customers see the best offers in the market that attracts them so to gain the customers, companies need to cut their prices and focus on their customer care department. If Next wants to gain market share then it needs to take sale from its competitors and it will leads to rivalry. (Ref-6)

The History of Rock Essay -- Music Musical Historical Essays

The History of Rock As one of the most popular music genres, rock music has grown and expanded to incorporate many styles throughout the years. A rock band usually consists of a vocalist, an acoustic drum kit played with a strong beat, usually a back beat, and features electric and acoustic guitars. From its beginnings in the late 1950s and early 1960s until the present day, rock has changed styles seemingly every decade as new bands become popular because of their unique style of music. Throughout the years rock has influenced our culture and helped shape the world we live in today. Rock and roll was born in the late 1950s. Primary influenced from southern artists like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley, this new genre of music though admonished by many became popular among the younger listeners. During this time period, rock was primarily played in jukeboxes and clubs, but when introduced to the radio, became popular amongst the listeners and became an enormous success. The success continued throughout the 1960s when the main genres of rock were established. Bands like The Rolling Stones,The Beatles, and Led Zeppelin changed the music scene in Britain. Their influences worked their way to the United States. Bob Dylan led the way playing the same style but was met with disappointment from his fans. Then the hits from Byrds and Simon and Garfunkel gave folk-rock a foothold in the US. On the West Coast the cities of San Francisco and Las Angeles felt the affects of the boom in rock music. San Francisco became a center for hippies and â€Å"acid-rock†. Las Angeles produced misfits like Frank Zappa and Captain Beefheart who had a lasting influence on rock. The beginning of the 1970s saw a decline in interest for rock music... ... by the rock of the 1980s and 1990s. Today bands like Chevelle, Breaking Benjamin, and others combine many aspects of the rock played during the past two decades. This is a trend that will continue into the future as more and more bands express their style of rock to the future generations. Today many radio stations throughout the United States play every type of rock. From its beginnings in the 1950s until the present day rock has become a popular genre with many styles that appeal to every person young and old. People can still enjoy listening to the music of their time whether from the 1960s or the 1990s. Rock is a composition of many genres. There is always room for more styles and new trends. Rock’s success is due to its ability to change but remain the same. Sources: http://www.silver-dragon-records.com/rnr1.htm http://www.scaruffi.com/history/

Does Heavy Metal Cause Teen Violence?

Heavy metal has had a bad beat since the dawn of the genre onto the music scene. Slipknot, Ozzy Osborn, Marilyn Manson, Judas Priest, and Slayer are just some of the household names on the metal scene to have come under fire for supposedly inciting suicide, and in some cases murder. It’s a fire that the media has been more than happy to stoke, quick to insinuate links between the brutal lyrics and acts of violence.To quote Twisted Sister front man Dee Snider, â€Å"Every time a serial killer, mass murderer, Satanists, or any â€Å"evil† person in our society†¦ anytime the media’s found out that they’ve listened to heavy metal music it has been blown up as the reason for why this person is doing the things that they do† (Dunn). And he couldn’t be more right. As in the case of Marilyn Manson and the Columbine shootings, the media is more than happy to stoke the flames of controversy, even if the evidence points to the contrary. Violence ha s been around a lot longer than we have,† says Corey Taylor, lead vocalist and lyricist for the band Slipknot. Though violence and heavy metal seem to be intimately intertwined there is a difference between seeing and doing. â€Å"I have listened to enough metal for me to essentially be a serial killer,† says James McMahon from UK music magazine NME, â€Å"But there's something in me that says no, that's not what I believe life is about. Serial killers existed before Slayer, you know.I'm a big fan of horror movies but Hostel, Saw, those torture-porn films, I find myself repulsed†¦ metal is pantomime comparatively. † As one young Norwegian metal fan told the UK's Guardian newspaper, â€Å"It's all fantasy†¦ none of this is real†¦ you can't take this seriously†¦ it's just like a movie. † According to Sam Dunn, anthropologist and director of â€Å"Metal: A Headbanger's Journey†, â€Å"People look at heavy metal and label it for all sorts of things because we need easy answers to complex questions.I think that it's easy to target a heavy metal band for inciting violence or making kids turn to a cult than it is to actually look at real problems in the real world† (Dunn). So what REALLY causes violent acts amongst teens? According to William Fleeman author of â€Å"Managing Teen Anger and Violence,† teen violence is a growing problem in the United States and many of the underlying causes have nothing to do with musical preference. For instance, Fleeman states that abuse of drugs and/or alcohol contributes to teen violence.Violence among teens often stems from actions taken while intoxicated as well as crimes committed to obtain drug and/or alcohol. Another possibility is teens afflicted with mental issues. Metal health issues and conditions often show an inclination for violent behavior. Fleeman also states that teens living in unstable environments in which parents are neglectful and/or abusive ten d to act out violently due to first hand exposure to violence and/or neglect.And as in most cases some teens are motivated to participate in reckless and violent behavior as a result of peer pressure. They feel the need to fit in do to whatever reason and as such act out to look â€Å"cool†. Also, and this is possibly the most surprising reason of all, many teens that tend to do poor scholastically are more likely to behave violently in and outside of school. They feel undermined, even â€Å"stupid† and as such tend to act out as a way to gain acknowledgment (Fleeman).While Fleeman’s research depicts teen violence to be at an all-time high research done by the FBI from 1990 through 2007 has shown that rates of serious violence amongst youths under the age 18 has plunged by 49%, including unprecedented declines in murder (down 66%), rape (down 52%), robbery (down 32%), and serious assault (down 28%) (FBI). Furthermore, large-scale surveys such as Monitoring the F uture and The American Freshman have found students today reporting higher levels of happiness, optimism, leadership interest, and volunteerism and lower rates of smoking, drinking, depression, dropout, and materialism.And if that’s not enough to blow you away, the youngest teens showed the biggest improvements. So what causes teen violence? Is the media to blame? Is it drugs, metal health issues, neglect, peer pressure, or even bad grades? There may never be a satisfactory answer, but as far as metal is concerned, sociologist Donna Gaines had this to say, â€Å"For young people, it’s a place to belong where you can experience other possibilities and transcend everyday life in a very glorious way†¦ Is heavy metal a sacrament? For some people, it is.If it keeps kids alive, if it gives them hope, if it gives them a place to belong, if it gives them a sense of transcendence, then I believe it’s a spiritual force. I believe it’s a pipeline to God† (Dunn). And according to Dunn, â€Å"You either feel it, or you don’t. † Works Cited 1)Dunn, Sam, dir. Metal: A Headbanger's Journey. Writ. Scot McFadyen. Warner Bros. Entertainment, 2006. DVD. August 27 2012. 2)Fleeman, William. Managing Teen Anger and Violence: A Pathways to Peace Program. Impact Publications, 2008. Web. 3)U. S. government & U. S. Department of Justice, Stats and Services, www. fbi. gov

Auguste Rodin essays

Auguste Rodin essays Francois-Auguste-Rene Rodin was born on November 12. 1840. Auguste Rodin was the second child of Jean-Baptiste Rodin and Marie Cheffer. Like many artists, he was not an overnight success. He was rejected numerous times from art schools; nevertheless, he prevailed in the end. Rodin got his inspiration from other great and famous artists. In Rodin's case, his inspirational artist was Michelangelo. In Rodin's more famous works, one can see the similarities between the two artists' artwork. He was also responsible from the resurgence of the popularity of sculpture as an art form. One common characteristic among all of his works was the realistic nature of his sculptures. Rodin's parents were not wealthy; therefore, he could not attend an art school of his choice. His father did send him to Petite Ecole, a training school for commerical draftsman. At age seventeen, he won first prize for a clay model. His teachers encouraged him to audition for the Grande Ecole des Beaux-Arts. He applied three times, every time he was turned down. When he was 22 of age, his sister Maria died. He decided to leave his art after her death because so much anguish was in him. It was then he decided to enter the Order of the Fathers of the Very Holy Sacrament. He eventually realized that religion was not his called. One again, he went moved into his studio. It was at this point, he was fully committed to his artwork. Since he could not afford a heater, he would see parts of his sculptures on the floor every time he wakes up due to cold and heat. Sections of heads, arms and chunks of torso would detach itself from the sculpture; "I found them in pieces...covered the floor ...could not believe what I lost in that way (Hale: 1987: 42). In 1864, he created The Man with the Broken Nose; with the new creation he set his path to greatness. He soon had a job with Carrier-Belluse. He was a draftsman, molder, finisher and a caster. When he had all the money he needed, ...

Current Events- Final Exam essays

Current Events- Final Exam essays For a very long time peace has been seriously disturbed in Kathmandu, Nepal. The Maoist rebels, also know as the Communist Party of Nepal, have been raging against certain affairs for many years now, and the Nepalists are tired of this horrific violence in their streets. The Maoist rebels fight mainly to overthrow Nepals constitutional monarchy. Only in 2001, these violent rebels have already killed 1,300 people... Imagine the situation now. These rebels are not merciful when they pick their preys. Among there history we see quite frequently that they have killed children, teenagers, and elder ones. Also, in about March 20th, 1998, the rebels killed a headmaster in a school, and killed one policeman while they were at it. Maoist rebels also raided a camp of Spanish trekkers in a very small district in north Nepal, and took more than 1,000 dollars in belongings and cash. Only in November 1998, the rebels clashed with seven districts, resulting in nine deaths. At every moment, the rebels intensified their armed campaign against monarchy. In June 1st, there was the famous massacre, in which nine people of the royal family were murdered. So, the Maoist rebels were annoyed because they thought that there werent enough facts to prove Crown Prince Dipendra was guilty. Due to many sadistic behaviors coming from the Maoists, the Nepalist government had to declare a state of emergency recently, in November 26th, which more than 100 were reported dead. So, the country took this drastic decision so that the armed forces could organize themselves to fight against the rebels. ...

Human Resource Management Discussions #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resource Management Discussions #2 - Essay Example Employee engagement practices have become important assets belonging to the relationship between the employees and the organisations itself. In this case, organisations that have high rates of employee engagement perform much better than those whose engagement rates with its employees are low (Eigenhuis & Dijk, 2008). In my previous work experience, I have once been fully engaged in my performance; I was in charge of the marketing department in a company the manufactured and sold computer software to business organisations. The human resource department in the company was very friendly and understanding. My close association with the department head made him notice that I was passionate about the internet. In engaging me fully, I was given the liberty to advance business goals while doing other personal activities online. This was what I wanted to do most; I managed to carry out the business goals effectively and passionately, while I enjoyed social networking. During my time the department grew and expanded tremendously because of my dedicated service to the company in a very accommodating

Happiness Ancient and Modern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Happiness Ancient and Modern - Essay Example Aristotle, the greatest of all philosophers, stressed upon the need to lead a life of virtue, and Stephen Augustus White in his book Sovereign Virtue, says that Aristotle was adamant that ‘in any circumstances, the virtuous, find life more satisfying than other people do† and make better lives for themselves in spite of their â€Å"modest good fortune.†(Page xi) According to Aristotle’s theory on happiness, he says that in order for a human being to achieve a state of happiness, he has to achieve the happiness that is most suited for a human being. In his opinion, happiness is not just a state of mind but it is a sort of disposition that involves our activities and experiences throughout our lives. The ancient view of happiness was shaped by the usefulness of man for his fellow beings, and based itself on such abstract qualities as ‘wisdom, kindness and goodness† .  Moreland and Issler find that the modern view of happiness is nothing more than instant gratification, and very often this depends upon the attitude of others towards us. Other modernists often equate happiness in the modern world to what we do and the road we take towards achieving predetermined goals. Davies’ take on happiness is right in the sense that happiness comes to us from the things we do, but the modernists don't agree with the fact that analyzing emotions can make us happy.   Happiness accrues from the frequency with which we flood our lives with simple pleasurable moments, than from those which are intense, but few and far in between.  Ã‚  

Blog exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blog exercise - Assignment Example As a result, ‘white’ fails to commonly qualify as a racial marker. Being white is often not associated with ethnicity or collective social groups that make up a race. In this respect, it would appear that race and whiteness are two independent factors, such that they do not relate or interrelate in any way. Therefore, the perceived disconnection between ‘white’ and race fails to account for ‘white’ as a racial marker. Finally, the attitude, environment, beliefs, and social perceptions towards whiteness shape the underlying notion relative to racial marking. The aforementioned factors inform the superiority aspect attributed to being white. Whiteness is mostly associated with the best and perfect things, thus the reluctance to use ‘white’ as a racial marker. The documentary, Mirrors of Privilege: Making Whiteness Visible, (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAljja0vi2M) presents the whiteness factor in the western context. The film shows just how much white people denounce racism. A global perspective of racial marking is highlighted, alongside how the white people constitute the white

Christianity and Islam Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Islam Essay A few months ago, when a Vatican official announced that Catholicism was surpassed by Islam as the world’s largest faith, many news agencies around the world carried what seemed to have been a largely unnoticed issue for this present generation – religion. At least for some time, renewed debates about whether or not one should indeed consider Islam as a religion that commands world’s largest followers surfaced one after another. The issue many people think should not be dismissed is the fact that Christianity – a religion which combines an array of all its offshoots namely Roman Catholicism, Orthodox, Protestantism, Anglicanism, Evangelicals, among others – still has the largest adherents compared to any other religion, including Islam. Even if Christianity may be broken down into some larger or other smaller denominations, many people subscribe to idea that since all Christians root their belief in Christ, one must take them as belonging to a singular religion, the largest in the world to be exact. To consider Christianity as a single religion involves rounds of new separate debates. Surely, when the differences between the mainstream Christian blocks and the thousand of other minor denominations are brought into the fore, their respective beliefs will manifest diversity, resemblance, opposition, and even contradiction. Tedious as this process may appear, one may not yet consider the fact that even in the Islam religion itself there are further classifications of membership that must be taken into careful account. Again, it is legitimate to inquire whether it is proper to take Islam as a unitary religion, or they too must be broken down into their finer types. As one may correctly observe, inner divisions within the world’s largest religions – Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, etc. – appear to be a fundamentally given fact. One can perhaps inquire whether it is possible to identify a major religion with millions, if not a billion of adherents, which does not have any, or have not suffered from any inner rift at any given point of its history. It may be interesting to ask therefore, what accounts for the eventual internal fall out of world religions in history? Better yet, how must we attempt to understand what happens in a religion that has been divided into smaller aggregate types in the course of history? II. Rationale and Scope This brief study presents a case for divisions transpiring within world religions. But since the scope of studying the issue is broad (considering that there are many major world religions to cite), this research shall be restricted at tackling Christianity and Islam as chosen types. Specifically, the study shall describe the events that transpired during the Catholic-Protestant divide of the mid 1500’s for Christianity, and the Shiite-Sunni divide for Islam. To be sure, there are other identifiable divisions which can be noted in the history of Christianity. While there are small schisms involving â€Å"heretics† who refuse to accept fundamental Christian teachings, Christianity is said to have been divided into two major blocks during the 11th century. It produced the dichotomization between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox, which until the present still exists. For the purposes of limiting this study, the Christian division which shall be discussed in this study shall dwell on the Luther-led Reformation of the 1500’s. Meanwhile, it is also insightful to note even in the Islam religion, there have been various types of smaller divisions and schisms. For the purposes of this study too, the rift between the Shiites and the Sunnis that was created in the early years of Islam religion shall be the one in focus. A short analysis and interpretation of the sample religions used shall comprise the conclusion of this study. III. Discussion Proper a. Nature of Religion Before relating the events defining the divisions that were experienced both by Christianity and Islam, it will be helpful to cite some theories to help explain the dynamics of religion. This is important since it shall provide a working perspective which is to be used later on in the analysis. Religion is a phenomenon which may be understood in many ways. Basically speaking, it refers to the common innate feeling or â€Å"belief in a Supreme Being† (McCutcheon, 2007, p. 22). Religion obviously stems from a belief that there is a higher being that must be worshiped or adored. But religion does not pertain to kind of personal belief alone. It also describes how a believer finds the need to belong to a community which shares the same belief, and thus obey a given set of rules within it. Thus, another definition for religion may also be expressed as a â€Å"unified system of belief and practices relative to sacred things† which â€Å"unites (believers) into one single moral community† (McCutcheon, 2007, p. 22). Combing both definitions enable one to fully appreciate the fact that religion pertains to both a personal ascent to God, and a commitment to a community, a set of rules and a specific set rituals. When seen under the lenses of scientific inquiry (e. g. anthropology, sociology, philosophy, etc. ) religion reveals patterns and dynamism consistent with human belief system, knowledge, interest and relationships. This means that religion is molded into the belief system of the believers. For instance, if Christians hold that Christ in his lifetime was compassionate to the poor, it follows that they too, since they follow Christ, must do something good for their less fortunate brethren. Or if Moslems take Mohammad as their example, and Mohammad was a deeply spiritual man, they too must not take spirituality lightly in their lives. Religious mindset is committed to certain courses of action (Slater, 1978, p. 6); and these actions are meaningful only because believers draw their identities from a person or a belief system they embrace – be it the Lordship of Christ, or the greatness of the Prophet Muhammad (Slater, 1978, p. 82). This is one of the primary reasons why religions possess their â€Å"continuing identities† (Slater, 1978, p. 82). So long as a group of Christians identify themselves to the teachings of their religion, say Catholic Church, they will remain to be Catholics. As indeed, so long as a group of Moslems identify themselves to the teachings of their religion, say Shiite group, they will remain to be identified with it. What explains the shift in a belief system is when one cannot anymore identify either with a teaching, or specific religious structures. It is a general rule that key to a religion’s perpetuity is establishing an identity. When people start to feel alienated with what they used to hold or believe it, it can explain why a group of believers create their own groups to accommodate their otherwise alienated belief system. To help establish the point, it may be good to lay down two glaring examples. b. The Shiite-Sunnis Divide Islam was born at least five hundred years after Christianity was already an institutionalized religion. But what started out only as a small community following Muhammad, Islam grew in exponential proportion in just a short span of time. Within the rapid growth came bitter disputes and eventual breakaways. Although Islam is a religion which does not readily recognize that there are divisions within them, scholars are almost unanimous in agreeing that some factions already broke from within the Moslem community dating back to the days when the religion itself was merely beginning to be established. In a sense, Islam is a religion broken down into at least two major divisions even before it got to be formally established as a religious phenomenon. It all started when a certain man named Muhammad, who by the way was born in 570 to a very poor family, begun to attract followers after experiencing visions and revelations (Renard, 1998, p. 7). His reputation spread in neighboring places, and soon found himself at odds with ruling empires for the large number of followers he had gathered. After this increasingly expanding community finally settled in Mecca in 630, Muhammad would die two years after (Renard, 1998, p. 7). His death would then see his community figure in a prolonged tug-of-war for rightful succession, and would officially begin the drift within the newly established religious community. One group claimed that Muhammad chose his rightful successor in the person of his son named Ali before he died. The other group contested the claim and said, no instructions were made by the Prophet whatsoever. Instead, they held that it was appropriate for to appoint leaders themselves, and eventually chose Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s father-in-law, as the first of the four caliphs (meaning head), to rule the Islam community. Those who embraced the leadership of Ali were eventually known as the Shiites, while the followers who believed Abu Bakr’s caliphate eventually came to be known as Sunnis. As such, the neat separation within the just-emerging Islamic religion has been established. Since it exists up until today, it can be described as the â€Å"largest institutional division within the Muslim community† so far (Renard, 1998, p. 13; Ayoub, 2004, 72). c. The Catholic-Protestant Divide The era that colored the Catholic-Protestant divide was a Church marred with controversies, silent disenchantment and an ever growing discontent among Christian faithful. As history would show, it was through and because of Martin Luther – and his whole ebb generating protests against the Church – that the radical break from Catholicism was to be established. But hundreds of years before the supposed break, there had already been numerous events that point to the restlessness within the membership of the Church which it tried to quell. What were the controversies about? As early as the 1300’s, roughly two hundred years before Luther was born, an ordained priest by the name of John Wycliffe started to publish series of attacks against some of the major teachings and traditions of the Church. In 1372, he was summoned and reprimanded by Church authorities for his teachings that dwelled on the following: his denial of the doctrine of transubstantiation (a belief that the bread and wine used in celebrating the Eucharist is transformed into the real body and blood of Christ), attacks on the authority of the Pope as the head of the Church, corrupt practices within the Church, and emphasis on preaching and the use of Scriptures for teaching the doctrines of the Church (Cook, 2008, p. 95). Wycliffe probably represented the first courageous voices which tried to confront what’s wrong with the Church. In fact, he did try to raise legitimate concerns about both the divisive doctrines and lamentable discipline which the Church at that time practiced. Years after, Luther would pick up from where his predecessors had left out. In 1517, he released his Ninety-Five Theses to the public – a collection of ninety-five protests against many Church teachings – both doctrinal and moral – and Church practices, such as indulgences (spiritual merits obtained in return for monetary donations), celibacy (the promise for priests not to marry), Eucharist, among others (Cook, 2008, p. 100). Since the general religious atmosphere at that time was already ripe for reforms, his ninety-five theses were easily duplicated and spread throughout the German empire – a testament, as it were, to a huge popular support he enjoyed for the risks he took. Luther’s break from the Church was formally established when he burned the Papal bull Exsurge Domine (a decree which threatened him of excommunication if he did not recant his protests) in front of many people in a public square (Cook, 2008, 101). After which, he did subsequently ask the authorities of the German kingdom to support his cause for Church reform. Luther is remembered as a man who broke the Catholic Church apart. True enough, even before he died, he already saw the far reaching effects of his call for reforms he perhaps initially did not intended to jumpstart. Thanks to Luther, Christianity would never be the same again. The â€Å"Germany after (the) Reformation† movement in the mid 1500’s became a home to a new breed of Christians who came to be branded as Lutherans, Calvinist, Reformers, or even Protestants (Pennock, 2007, p. 168). In principle, Luther earned the reputation of being an agent of division within the Christian religion. IV. Conclusion To be sure, Christianity and Islam are not the only major religions in the world which had suffered a kind of break-up from within. Religious divisions are commonplace, and that variations sprouting from within large communities may be brought about by various factors. When divisions occur, one normally observes that differences pertaining to a host of issues including (but not limited to) doctrines, practices, or even recognized leadership become patent. As earlier mentioned, the dynamics of religion may help explain why a feeling of alienation (or a loss of identity) can push a believer or a group to break-away from mainstream religion to form their own set of practices and norms independently. Christianity and Islam were taken as exemplifications. In the points that were developed, it was seen that they share a history with lots of bitter disputes, which in turn led to an eventual division. But both religions suffered from internal rifts quite differently as well. Islams division was more political in nature, as two major factions with their respective claims to rightful succession to their now-dead Prophet-leader tore the emerging community apart thus, the Sunnis and the Shiites. Christianity on the other hand, after experiencing many breakaway groups in the course of history, had to suffer yet another major blow from internal disputes led by Martin Luther in the 1500s on account of doctrine and practices. What followed was a Christian religion torn once again, which ushered the creation of a big faction named Protestants. Religious divisions can be put under rigorous inquiry. There are viewpoints that consider these divisions as something that separate one group after another, while there are those who propose to see the same divisions as something that merely distinguish (but not separate). While the two viewpoints may be valid in their respective senses, this study places much interest not on their â€Å"distinguishability† or â€Å"separability†, but on the fact that, truly, religious divisions from within happen. References Ayoub, M. (2004). Islam. Faith and History. Oxford: Oneworld. Cook, C.. (2008) The Routledge Companion to Christian History. New York: Routledge. McCutcheon, R. (2007). Studying Religion. An Introduction. London: Equinox. Pennock, M. (2007) This is Our Church. A History of Catholicism. Notre Dame, Indiana: Ave Maria Press. Renard, J. (1998)101 Questions and Answers on Islam. New York: Paulist Press. Slater, P. (1978). The Dynamics of Religion. Meaning and Change in Religious Traditions. San Francisco: Harper and Row. (Also consulted) http://ca. news. yahoo. com/s/capress/080330/world/vatican_muslims

Classifications of Government Expenditure

Classifications of Government Expenditure The welfare of the people of India highly depends on the expenditure of the Government of India (GOI). Government expenditure is a very important aspect of the governments budget presented by the finance minister every fiscal. Through it GOI tries to maximise the welfare of the people by appropriately allocating economic resources to various government activities. Government expenditure can be broadly classified into four categories: Functional Classification or Budget Classification: In April 1974, the GOI introduced a new accounting structure in order to serve the requirement of financial control and accountability. Under this structure, a five tier classification has been adopted sectoral, major head, minor head, subhead, and detailed heads of accounts. Sectoral classification has clubbed the government functions into three sectors, namely, General Services, Social and Community Services and Economic services. In the new structure, a major head is assigned to each function and minor head is assigned to each programme. Each minor head include activities or schemes or organizations as subheads. Economic Classification: Economic classification of the government expenditure signifies the way of the allocation of resources to various economic activities. It involves listing the government expenditure by significant economic categories, separating current expenditure from capital expenditure, spending for goods and services from transfers to individuals and institutions, inter-governmental loans from grants etc. This classification provides a record of governments influence in each sector of the economy. Cross Classification or Economic-cum-functional Classification: Cross classification provides the break-up of government expenditure both by economic and by functional heads. For example, expenditure on medical facilities, a functional head, is split as current expenditure, capital expenditure, transfers and loans. Accounting Classification: Accounting classification of the government expenditure can be presented under (i) Revenue and Capital (ii) Developmental and Non-Developmental and (iii) Plan and Non-Plan. Each classification of expenditure has an objective associated with it. For instance, Revenue and Capital expenditure indicates the creation of assets by government expenditure and unproductive expenditure. Further, the developmental and non-developmental classification differentiates the government classification as the expenditure on social and community services and economic service from that against general expenditure. Similarly, the Plan and Non-Plan expenditure represents the expenditure on planned schemes of government and non-plan expenditures. The above classification of the government expenditure serves one or more of the purposes of the government, such as, parliamentary control over expenditure, economic development, price stability etc. Analysis of Government Expenditure in India The chart given below shows the division of government expenditure in terms of capital and revenue expenditure for some selected years. The percentage share of revenue expenditure in government expenditure has increased over time due to increase in expenditure in society welfare. The growth story of the India can be said in terms of five year plans which give an account of government expenditure during the plans. The first five year plan (1951-56) laid emphasis on agriculture, including irrigation and power, wherein the government had spent 36% of its subject on these heads. The second five year plan (1956-61) marks the foray towards industrialization with an increased government spending in transport and communication sector with an contribution of 28.9% of its expenditure. The urge for industrialization continues even during the third five year pan (1961-66) with 24% and 20% public spending on Industry Minerals, and Transport and Communication respectively. Fourth to seventh five year plans have social services of education, health, welfare sharing a majority of the pie with 24% and 26% expenditure in fourth and fifth plan. The eight five year plan (1992-97) commenced the era of fiscal reform and liberalization. There were increased efforts to improve the economic growth and quality of life of the common man. There were high public spending on the sectors like energy (26.6%), Transportation and communication (20.8%) and Social and other services (19.6%). The Ninth five year plan (1997-2002) focussed on the development of infrastructure by allocating 72% of the funds to irrigation, energy, transport and communication and social service. The tenth five year had an objective of atleast 8% growth rate by providing a boast to power sector spending (26.56%) and increasing social Community services sector spending to 29.27%. COMPARISON OF INFLATION BASED ON CPI AND WPI Consumer Price Index (CPI), is defined as the weighted average change over time in the prices of a basket of the good and services consumed by a consumer. While, Wholesale Price Index is defined as the weighted average change over time in the price of a basket of wholesale goods. Inflation rate is calculated based on the CPI and WPI as the percentage in the respective indices over time, generally a year. The calculation of inflation rates based on CPI and WPI form 1994-95 to 2006-07 is given in the table provided below: CPI and WPI differ in terms of their weights assigned to their respective constituent basket goods and services. Food has been assigned a higher weight in CPI (46% in CPI-IW) as compared to a weight of only 27% in WPI. As a result, the CPI changes more with the change in the food process as compared to the WPI. Further, the fuel group has a much lower weight in CPI (7% on an average) relative to that in the WPI (14.2%). Consequently, the variations in international crude process affect the WPI more than CPI. Also, services are not included under WPI, but are included in the CPI to different extents. Hence, the CPIs are influenced by the service price inflation. Considering the data provided in the table above, it can be inferred that on an average CPI-IW inflation is higher than that of WPI inflation. Also, in terms of WPI inflation the period from 1994-95 to 1995-94 was of higher inflation, then the inflation decreases and increases again in 2000-01 and then decreases again. It can be seen that the inflation rate, both CPI inflation and WPI inflation, follows a cyclic pattern.

An Inspector Calls Essay -- miscellaneous

An Inspector Calls How does Priestley use the character of the Inspector to convey his own opinions and attitudes? An Inspector Calls, set in 1912, is a play with many social and political messages. J. B. Priestley believed a great deal in socialism and believed that many other people needed to be more caring about their community and the people in it. Priestley uses the character of the Inspector to convey his own thoughts, feelings and opinions about social issues. However, he also uses other characters, particularly Mr.Birling, to show the audience how cynical some people can be. It is possible that J.B.Priestley set this play in 1912 for a reason. Arthur Birling is a rich businessman who thinks very highly of himself, even though he is often wrong. Arthur's family respect him and listen intently to his ideas that 'there isn't a chance of war' and the Titanic is 'unsinkable.' As the play was written in 1947 and set in 1912, this is an example of dramatic irony and the audience would know that Arthur was very wrong in his opinions and might even think him to be stupid. When he says 'the way some of these cranks talk and write now, you'd think everybody has to look after everybody else', he explicitly says that he is strongly Capitalist and is narrow minded. Priestley wanted the audience to have a low opinion of Birling because he was discouraging his Capitalist politics and trying to show people like Birling to be at fault When Mr.Birling makes his speech he makes several points which Priestley himself disagrees with, he uses the Inspector as a medium to make a point to both the Birling family and the audience that we shouldn’t all â€Å"Look out for our own† which is how Birling describes it. According to Mr.Birlin g every man should put himself first, even before his family. We know this when he says â€Å"A man should look out for himself, and his family if he has one†; this shows just how full of self-importance he actually is. The timing of the Inspector’s entrance is immediately after Birling has made this speech. Throughout the play there are hints that the Inspector isn’t all he seems to be, is it possible that he’s actually just a fraud claiming to be an Inspector? The Inspector called himself 'Goole,' which could be a pun on the word 'ghoul' which is often referred to as some kind of ghostly being. Towards the end of this script it becomes appa... ...police saying that 'A girl has just died.... after swallowing some disinfectant' and a real Inspector will question the family. This is an unexpected twist. The fake Inspector was there to punish them on a moral level and to try and make them feel guilty enough to change their behaviour. This was accomplished with Eric and Sheila, but not with the others. The only thing that they would be affected by was a 'public scandal,' and the real Inspector would ensure that that is what they would get. Without this twist, it would seem that the Birling parents and Gerald would escape unpunished. The Inspector's main purpose is to teach. In the context of the play, he told the characters what had happened to a particular girl because they had each been guilty of selfishness. In regards to the whole of society, he voiced Priestley's opinions that we cannot make any progress if we do not work together. In my opinion, those watching or reading the play today would not gain as much from the story in regards to the moral teachings because most have now accepted the advantages of Socialism over Capitalism and so do not have as much to learn on the arguments of this issue as the audiences of 1947.

Arterial Blood Gas Essay

Understanding arterial blood gases can sometimes be confusing. A logical and systematic approach using these steps makes interpretation much easier. Applying the concepts of acidbase balance will help the healthcare provider follow the progress of a patient and evaluate the effectiveness of care being provided. Copyright 2004 Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education & Development Glossary ABG: arterial blood gas. A test that analyzes arterial blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate content in addition to blood pH. Used to test the effectiveness of ventilation. Acidosis: a pathologic state characterized by an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the arterial blood above the normal level. May be caused by an accumulation of carbon dioxide or acidic products of metabolism or a by a decrease in the concentration of alkaline compounds. Alkalosis: a state characterized by a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood below normal level. The condition may be caused by an increase in the concentration of alkaline compounds, or by decrease in the concentration of acidic compounds or carbon dioxide. Chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD): a disease process involving chronic inflammation of the airways, including chronic bronchitis (disease in the large airways) and emphysema (disease located in smaller airways and alveolar regions). The obstruction is generally permanent and progressive over time. Diamox â„ ¢: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases H+ ion secretion and increases HCO3 excretions by the kidneys, causing a diuretic effect. Hyperventilation: a state in which there is an increased amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli (increased alveolar ventilation), resulting in reduction of carbon dioxide tension and eventually leading to alkalosis. Hypoventilation: a state in which there is a reduced amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. Hypoxemia: below-normal oxygen content in arterial blood due to deficient oxygenation of the blood and resulting in hypoxia. Hypoxia: reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. Iatrogenic: any condition induced in a patient by the effects of medical treatment. Kussmaul’s respirations: abnormal breathing pattern brought on by strenuous exercise or metabolic acidosis, and is characterized by an increased ventilatory rate, very large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause. Oxygen delivery system: a device used to deliver oxygen concentrations above ambient air to the lungs through the upper airway. Oxygenation: the process of supplying, treating or mixing with oxygen. Oxyhemoglobin: hemoglobin in combination with oxygen. Pneumothorax: an abnormal state characterized by the presence of gas (as air) in the plueral cavity. Pulmonary Embolism: the lodgment of a blood clot in the lumen of a pulmonary artery, causing a severe dysfunction in respiratory function. Thyrotoxicosis: toxic condition due to hyperactivity of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include rapid heart rate, tremors, increased metabolic basal metabolism, nervous symptoms and loss of weight.

Phytoplankton essays

Phytoplankton essays Upon a short period of very extensive research, one can conclude many things about the phytoplankton content of the waters surrounding the continent of Antarctica.First of all, what is phytoplankton? Phytoplankton is defined as planktonic plants and other autotrophs which are the most important primary producers in many marine ecosystems. (p. 213 Castro-Huber) Many factors influence the growth of phytoplankton such as sunlight, water temperature, and water current. In my specific study of the pytoplankton present in Antarctic waters, I discovered a most unusual pattern of growth: only on three occasions from September 1997 to March 2000 was phytoplankton present in the waters of Antarctica. Of the three individual times that phytoplankton was present in the water, two of these occured in December 1998 and 1999, the other in September 1998. Every other month from September 1997 until March 2000, the waters contained a phytoplankton reading of 0 (zero). The only conclusion that can be made about the numerous occasions in which phytoplankton was absent from the waters is that massive sheets of ice cover the water around the continent of Antarctia making unacceptable conditions for the ...

Mangrove Forests

Mangrove Forests Free Online Research Papers If there are no Mangrove Forests, then the sea will have no meaning. It is like having a tree with no roots, for the mangroves are the roots of the sea.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­- fisherman, Trang Province, southern Thiland Mangrove forests, together with their adjacent intertidal environments are among the most productive ecosystems on the earth. The great importance of these ecosystems to marine fauna was shown by Odum and Heald14 and has led to an interest in their conservation. Continuing loss of mangrove systems has, among other causes, been attributed to erosion of delicate coastal wetlands. In a broad floristic sense, mangroves include about 53 species in 23 genera and 16 families. However, Tomlinson15 recognises 34 species in nine genera and five families as exhibiting restriction to mangrove environments in which they play a major role and having specialised adaptations to this unique environment. Fig: 1.1: Mangrove distribution in India The name ‘mangrove’ is applied to other unrelated constituents of mangrove vegetation, such as Avicennia nitida, a bush of the vervain family, called black mangrove. True mangroves are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Rhizophorales, family Rhizophoraceae. Mangrove, a large tropical evergreen tree, grows on muddy tidal flats and along protected ocean shorelines. Mangrove ecosystems are found throughout the tropical regions of the world. They are most abundant in tropical Asia, Africa, and the islands of the SW Pacific. Several mangroves produce from their trunks aerial roots that become embedded in the mud and form a tangled network; this serves both as a prop for the tree and as a means of aerating the root system. Such roots also form a base for the deposit of silt and other material carried by the tides, and thus land is built up which is gradually invaded by other vegetation. Some mangrove species lack prop roots but have special pores on their branching root system for obtaining air. The mangrove fruit is a conical reddish-brown berry. Its single seed germinates inside the fruit while it is still on the tree, forming a large, pointed primary root that quickly anchors the seedling in the mud when the fruit is dropped. Mangroves have been harvested destructively on a large scale; the bark is a rich source of tannins, and the wood is used for wharf pilings and other purposes. Fig: 1.2: Aerial roots Fig: 1.3: Prop roots Mangroves provide a vide range of services and benefits to the mankind. Ecological and economical values of mangroves are recognized world over. They are instrumental in providing ecological and livelihood security to coastal regions and people. People are making use of mangroves by protecting them as a nursery ground for various fish and crab species, which form a part of their daily food. Good use of mangrove areas can be made for eco-tourism and tourists from India and abroad for a pleasant trip and crocodile watching. Mangroves have long functioned as a storehouse of materials providing food, medicines, shelter and tools. Fish, crabs, shellfish, prawns and edible snakes and worms are found there. The fruit of certain species including the nypa palm can be eaten after preparation along with the nectar of some of the flowers. The best honey is considered to be that produced from mangroves, particularly the river mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum. Numerous medicines are derived from mangroves. Ashes or bark infusions of certain species can be applied to skin disorders and sores including leprosy. Headaches, rheumatism, snakebites, boils, ulcers, diarrhoea, hemorrhages and many more conditions are traditionally treated with mangrove plants. The latex from the leaf of the blind-your-eye mangrove Excoecaria agallocha – claimed to cause blindness13 – but the powerful chemicals in it can be used on sores and to treat marine stings. The leaves are also used for fishing; when crushed and dropp ed in water, fish are stupefied and float to the surface. This sap is currently being tested for its medical properties and may play a part in western medicine. Certain tree species, notably the cedar mangrove, cannonball mangrove (relatives of the red cedar) and the grey mangrove, are prized for their hard wood and used for boat building and cabinet timber as well as for tools such as digging sticks, spears and boomerangs. The fronds of the nypa palm are used for thatching and basket weaving. Various barks are used for tanning, pneumatophores (peg roots) make good fishing floats while the wood from yellow mangroves (Ceriops species) has a reputation for burning even when wet. Fig: 1.4: Pneumatophores or peg roots of mangrove plants Ethnobotany and medicinal uses: Many of the substances in the wood and bark, the Diaspora and the leaves of different types of mangroves for instance the Indian Mangrove (Avicennia officinalis), the Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) are used in traditional medicine they are however also used as poisons. The Black Mangrove is used for diarrhoea and rheumatic aliments. The resin of black mangroves is among other things used as medicine against tumours, insect repellents can also be made out of its resin. In Uthoff (1996) one can find an outline of the manifold and long-range ethno-pharmaceutical usages. Up until today most of the substances have not been examined for their effectiveness. In the genetic pool of our mangrove ecosystem there is presumably a large potential for the discovery of powerful substances for modern medicine. The mangrove extracts were a source of mosquito larvicidal compounds, as well as of polyphenols highly active against viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis B virus16 . Ecology and Mangroves 1. Prevention from soil erosion and stabilization of coasts and beaches 2. Protection of land from tidal surges and cyclonic storms. 3. Provides an excellent home to different plant species, birds and animal 4.Useful as eco-tourism niche for educational and recreational purpose Local population put the mangroves to several uses including the following: 1.Provides fuel wood, green manure, charcoal, timber, etc 2.Used for boat / canoe making 3.Used for thatching material, cordage and rope material 4.Used for medicinal purposes. 5.Useful for to produce honey and bye products.. Threats to mangroves: The threats are as given below, Man and his greed being the greatest threat: (1) Conversion of mangrove areas : It has been observed that mangroves in private areas / khazan lands face threat due to conversion of these lands for human habitation, aquaculture, agriculture and other developmental activities. Reclamation of these areas results in damage to saplings and small mangrove plants in general. Sporadic incidents of felling of trees illegally for conversion of land have also been reported, though damage due to this is almost negligible, as per official records. (2) Unauthorized felling: Cutting of Trees and branches of mangroves for firewood purpose, house and fence construction, reclamation of land etc is common. (3) Pollution : Oil slicks, solid waste disposal, industrial effluents etc. pollute the mangrove habitat and thereby affect them adversely. (4) Fishing : Illegal fish / fishling culture / aquaculture is common in Mangrove forests. Fishing using dragnets is common. This results in damage to the young regeneration and plantations. Besides, fisherman find mangrove regeneration an obstacle in their fishing activity and they uproot / damage the young crop and this is one of the major threats to the mangroves. (5) Insect attack / diseases: There are some species of insects or borers, which cause considerable damage to the stems and therefore to the mangroves. Besides, insect attack on the leaves of Rhizophora mucronata has been observed to take place regularly, which some times results in total damage to young plants. Also, insect attack on Avicennia alba is observed at a regular interval of 5 years, where the larvae of the insect eat all the leaves of the plants and make them leafless and causes severe damage to young crop. Fungal attack on the leaves of plants has also been observed, mainly on the leaves of Sonneritia alba, and other species also found to have been attacked by fungus. (6) Barnacle infestation: Plantations and young plants are being damaged by the attachment of barnacles to their stem. The plant affected generally is Rhizophora mucronata, which probably is due to its rough bark, thereby providing a good substratum for their attachment Research Papers on Mangrove ForestsGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtOpen Architechture a white paperMind TravelCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Free Essays on Odwalla, INC., And The E Coli Breakout

Odwalla, Inc., and the E. Coli Outbreak In the fall of 1996, Odwalla, Inc. emerged as a leading distributor of fresh juice products. Odwalla believed that the avoidance of heat treatment and artificial ingredients, including preservatives, in the bottling process maximized the retention of vitamins, enzymes, and the flavor of fresh fruits and vegetables. Their approach contributed to the company’s growth and success, but may have also been responsible for an outbreak of E. coli. This paper explores the options Odwalla examined and the ultimate decisions the company faced in three key areas during this crisis. Background Odwalla began as a small company when Greg Steltenpohl and two associates started delivering fresh squeezed orange juice to restaurants in 1980. Between 1980 and 1995 Odwalla expanded by acquiring other juice companies and increasing distribution capacity. Additionally, they expanded their product line by including additional juice products and creating new blended juices. In 1993, Odwalla became a publicly held company, which enabled their continued expansion. The â€Å"Odwalla† name was derived from a jazz composition which led to their â€Å"Odwalla vision – Odwalla, a breath of fresh intoxicating rhythm, living flavor, soil to soul, people to planet, nourishing the body whole.† In harmony with its vision, Odwalla marketed its juice as â€Å"fresh† whereby the products have no preservatives or artificial ingredients, and are not pasteurized (heat treated to kill microorganisms and to extend shelf life). Odwalla juice products were distributed from varied outlets including supermarkets, warehouse outlets, specialty stores, natural food stores, restaurants and colleges. Odwalla relied on their direct store distribution system to ensure their products’ are fresh. Most outlets were equipped with a stand-alone refrigerated cooler, and route sales people (RSPs) serviced the accounts. The RSP was respons... Free Essays on Odwalla, INC., And The E Coli Breakout Free Essays on Odwalla, INC., And The E Coli Breakout Odwalla, Inc., and the E. Coli Outbreak In the fall of 1996, Odwalla, Inc. emerged as a leading distributor of fresh juice products. Odwalla believed that the avoidance of heat treatment and artificial ingredients, including preservatives, in the bottling process maximized the retention of vitamins, enzymes, and the flavor of fresh fruits and vegetables. Their approach contributed to the company’s growth and success, but may have also been responsible for an outbreak of E. coli. This paper explores the options Odwalla examined and the ultimate decisions the company faced in three key areas during this crisis. Background Odwalla began as a small company when Greg Steltenpohl and two associates started delivering fresh squeezed orange juice to restaurants in 1980. Between 1980 and 1995 Odwalla expanded by acquiring other juice companies and increasing distribution capacity. Additionally, they expanded their product line by including additional juice products and creating new blended juices. In 1993, Odwalla became a publicly held company, which enabled their continued expansion. The â€Å"Odwalla† name was derived from a jazz composition which led to their â€Å"Odwalla vision – Odwalla, a breath of fresh intoxicating rhythm, living flavor, soil to soul, people to planet, nourishing the body whole.† In harmony with its vision, Odwalla marketed its juice as â€Å"fresh† whereby the products have no preservatives or artificial ingredients, and are not pasteurized (heat treated to kill microorganisms and to extend shelf life). Odwalla juice products were distributed from varied outlets including supermarkets, warehouse outlets, specialty stores, natural food stores, restaurants and colleges. Odwalla relied on their direct store distribution system to ensure their products’ are fresh. Most outlets were equipped with a stand-alone refrigerated cooler, and route sales people (RSPs) serviced the accounts. The RSP was respons...